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Notes that are not verse specific
The word locusts in Hebrew is arbeh which means many. This aptly describes the marauding masses that covered the land. There was an outbreak of locusts in West and North Africa. One swarm column in Morocco was measured at 230km long by 150 m wide, containing an estimated 69 billion locusts. Harvest losses due to this outbreak were valued at up to $2.5 billion.
Darkness covered the land for three days. The number three signifies completeness, entirety. Egypt, the epitome of sin, was encompassed with darkness. Thus, sin was nullified. Jonah was engulfed in darkness for three days in the belly of the great fish. This, of course, foreshadowed the interment of Jesus in the tomb for three days. Jesus nullified sin by overcoming it.
Michael Parry [Montreal (Can)] Comment added in 2004 Reply to Michael
Exo 10:1-2 The plagues on Egypt were signs not only for Pharaoh and his servants but also for the Israelites. The Israelites were to tell the following generations what the LORD had done in Egypt by “signs done among them”. The lesson to be learnt for Israel was “…that ye may know how that I am the LORD.”(Exo 10:2).
The existence of the Jews is a sign for us that there is one God and one saviour and no other.
“ Ye are my witnesses, saith the LORD, and my servant whom I have chosen: that ye may know and believe me, and understand that I am he: before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me.
I, even I, am the LORD; and beside me there is no saviour.”(Isa 43:10-11)
The Israelites were told to remember the miraculous work of the LORD in Egypt. They were to teach it to their children, grandchildren and great grandchildren. So today we should remember to teach our children about the signs the LORD has given us through the voice of His prophets about the offer of our deliverance from sin and death and to know how this came about through the Lord Jesus Christ.
Peter Moore [Erith, UK] Comment added in 2019 Reply to Peter
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1. And the LORD <3068> said <559>(8799) unto Moses <4872>, Go <935>(8798) in unto Pharaoh <6547>: for I have hardened <3513>(8689) his heart <3820>, and the heart <3820> of his servants <5650>, that I might shew <7896>(8800) these my signs <226> before <7130> him:
2. And that thou mayest tell <5608>(8762) in the ears <241> of thy son <1121>, and of thy son's <1121> son <1121>, what things I have wrought <5953>(8694) in Egypt <4714>, and my signs <226> which I have done <7760>(8804) among them; that ye may know <3045>(8804) how that I am the LORD <3068>.
3. And Moses <4872> and Aaron <175> came in <935>(8799) unto Pharaoh <6547>, and said <559>(8799) unto him, Thus saith <559>(8804) the LORD <3068> God <430> of the Hebrews <5680>, How long <4970> wilt thou refuse <3985>(8765) to humble <6031>(8736) thyself before <6440> me? let my people <5971> go <7971>(8761), that they may serve <5647>(8799) me.
4. Else <3588>, if thou refuse <3986> to let my people <5971> go <7971>(8763), behold, to morrow <4279> will I bring <935>(8688) the locusts <697> into thy coast <1366>:
5. And they shall cover <3680>(8765) the face <5869> of the earth <776>, that one cannot be able <3201>(8799) to see <7200>(8800) the earth <776>: and they shall eat <398>(8804) the residue <3499> of that which is escaped <6413>, which remaineth <7604>(8737) unto you from the hail <1259>, and shall eat <398>(8804) every tree <6086> which groweth <6779>(8802) for you out of the field <7704>:
6. And they shall fill <4390>(8804) thy houses <1004>, and the houses <1004> of all thy servants <5650>, and the houses <1004> of all the Egyptians <4714>; which neither thy fathers <1>, nor thy fathers <1>' fathers <1> have seen <7200>(8804), since the day <3117> that they were upon the earth <127> unto this day <3117>. And he turned <6437>(8799) himself, and went out <3318>(8799) from Pharaoh <6547>.
7. And Pharaoh's <6547> servants <5650> said <559>(8799) unto him, How long shall this man be a snare <4170> unto us? let the men <582> go <7971>(8761), that they may serve <5647>(8799) the LORD <3068> their God <430>: knowest <3045>(8799) thou not yet <2962> that Egypt <4714> is destroyed <6>(8804)?
8. And Moses <4872> and Aaron <175> were brought again <7725>(8714) unto Pharaoh <6547>: and he said <559>(8799) unto them, Go <3212>(8798), serve <5647>(8798) the LORD <3068> your God <430>: but who are they that shall go <1980>(8802)?
9. And Moses <4872> said <559>(8799), We will go <3212>(8799) with our young <5288> and with our old <2205>, with our sons <1121> and with our daughters <1323>, with our flocks <6629> and with our herds <1241> will we go <3212>(8799); for we must hold a feast <2282> unto the LORD <3068>.
10. And he said <559>(8799) unto them, Let the LORD <3068> be so with you, as I will let you go <7971>(8762), and your little ones <2945>: look <7200>(8798) to it; for evil <7451> is before <6440> you.
11. Not so: go <3212>(8798) now ye that are men <1397>, and serve <5647>(8798) the LORD <3068>; for that ye did desire <1245>(8764). And they were driven out <1644>(8762) from Pharaoh's <6547> presence <6440>.
12. And the LORD <3068> said <559>(8799) unto Moses <4872>, Stretch out <5186>(8798) thine hand <3027> over the land <776> of Egypt <4714> for the locusts <697>, that they may come up <5927>(8799) upon the land <776> of Egypt <4714>, and eat <398>(8799) every herb <6212> of the land <776>, even all that the hail <1259> hath left <7604>(8689).
13. And Moses <4872> stretched forth <5186>(8799) his rod <4294> over the land <776> of Egypt <4714>, and the LORD <3068> brought <5090>(8765) an east <6921> wind <7307> upon the land <776> all that day <3117>, and all that night <3915>; and when it was morning <1242>, the east <6921> wind <7307> brought <5375>(8804) the locusts <697>.
14. And the locusts <697> went up <5927>(8799) over all the land <776> of Egypt <4714>, and rested <5117>(8799) in all the coasts <1366> of Egypt <4714>: very <3966> grievous <3515> were they; before <6440> them there were no such <3651> locusts <697> as they, neither after <310> them shall be such.
15. For they covered <3680>(8762) the face <5869> of the whole earth <776>, so that the land <776> was darkened <2821>(8799); and they did eat <398>(8799) every herb <6212> of the land <776>, and all the fruit <6529> of the trees <6086> which the hail <1259> had left <3498>(8689): and there remained <3498>(8738) not any green thing <3418> in the trees <6086>, or in the herbs <6212> of the field <7704>, through all the land <776> of Egypt <4714>.
16. Then Pharaoh <6547> called <7121>(8800) for Moses <4872> and Aaron <175> in haste <4116>(8762); and he said <559>(8799), I have sinned <2398>(8804) against the LORD <3068> your God <430>, and against you.
17. Now therefore forgive <5375>(8798), I pray thee, my sin <2403> only this once <6471>, and intreat <6279>(8685) the LORD <3068> your God <430>, that he may take away <5493>(8686) from me this death <4194> only.
18. And he went out <3318>(8799) from Pharaoh <6547>, and intreated <6279>(8799) the LORD <3068>.
19. And the LORD <3068> turned <2015>(8799) a mighty <3966> strong <2389> west <3220> wind <7307>, which took away <5375>(8799) the locusts <697>, and cast <8628>(8799) them into the Red <5488> sea <3220>; there remained <7604>(8738) not one <259> locust <697> in all the coasts <1366> of Egypt <4714>.
20. But the LORD <3068> hardened <2388>(8762) Pharaoh's <6547> heart <3820>, so that he would not let the children <1121> of Israel <3478> go <7971>(8765).
21. And the LORD <3068> said <559>(8799) unto Moses <4872>, Stretch out <5186>(8798) thine hand <3027> toward heaven <8064>, that there may be darkness <2822> over the land <776> of Egypt <4714>, even darkness <2822> which may be felt <4959>(8686).
22. And Moses <4872> stretched forth <5186>(8799) his hand <3027> toward heaven <8064>; and there was a thick <653> darkness <2822> in all the land <776> of Egypt <4714> three <7969> days <3117>:
23. They saw <7200>(8804) not one <376> another <251>, neither rose <6965>(8804) any <376> from his place for three <7969> days <3117>: but all the children <1121> of Israel <3478> had light <216> in their dwellings <4186>.
24. And Pharaoh <6547> called <7121>(8799) unto Moses <4872>, and said <559>(8799), Go <3212>(8798) ye, serve <5647>(8798) the LORD <3068>; only let your flocks <6629> and your herds <1241> be stayed <3322>(8714): let your little ones <2945> also go <3212>(8799) with you.
25. And Moses <4872> said <559>(8799), Thou must give <5414>(8799) us <3027> also sacrifices <2077> and burnt offerings <5930>, that we may sacrifice <6213>(8804) unto the LORD <3068> our God <430>.
26. Our cattle <4735> also shall go <3212>(8799) with us; there shall not an hoof <6541> be left behind <7604>(8735); for thereof must we take <3947>(8799) to serve <5647>(8800) the LORD <3068> our God <430>; and we know <3045>(8799) not with what we must serve <5647>(8799) the LORD <3068>, until we come <935>(8800) thither.
27. But the LORD <3068> hardened <2388>(8762) Pharaoh's <6547> heart <3820>, and he would <14>(8804) not let them go <7971>(8763).
28. And Pharaoh <6547> said <559>(8799) unto him, Get <3212>(8798) thee from me, take heed <8104>(8734) to thyself, see <7200>(8800) my face <6440> no more <3254>(8686); for in that day <3117> thou seest <7200>(8800) my face <6440> thou shalt die <4191>(8799).
29. And Moses <4872> said <559>(8799), Thou hast spoken <1696>(8765) well <3651>, I will see <7200>(8800) thy face <6440> again <3254>(8686) no more.
Notes that are not verse specific
Psalm 64 A prayer of David for deliverance from evil men, and a statement of confidence in God's final judgement of them.
Psalm 65 In this Psalm we have a song of joy and praise, probably used at the Feast of the Firstfruits, to give thanks for God's abundant and undeserved blessings.
John Wilson [Toronto West (Can)] Comment added in 2004 Reply to John
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1. To the chief Musician <5329>(8764), A Psalm <4210> of David <1732>. Hear <8085>(8798) my voice <6963>, O God <430>, in my prayer <7879>: preserve <5341>(8799) my life <2416> from fear <6343> of the enemy <341>(8802).
2. Hide <5641>(8686) me from the secret counsel <5475> of the wicked <7489>(8688); from the insurrection <7285> of the workers <6466>(8802) of iniquity <205>:
3. Who whet <8150>(8804) their tongue <3956> like a sword <2719>, and bend <1869>(8804) their bows to shoot their arrows <2671>, even bitter <4751> words <1697>:
4. That they may shoot <3384>(8800) in secret <4565> at the perfect <8535>: suddenly <6597> do they shoot <3384>(8686) at him, and fear <3372>(8799) not.
5. They encourage <2388>(8762) themselves in an evil <7451> matter <1697>: they commune <5608>(8762) of laying <2934> <0> snares <4170> privily <2934>(8800); they say <559>(8804), Who shall see <7200>(8799) them?
6. They search out <2664>(8799) iniquities <5766>; they accomplish <8552>(8804) a diligent <2664>(8794) search <2665>: both the inward <7130> thought of every one <376> of them, and the heart <3820>, is deep <6013>.
7. But God <430> shall shoot <3384>(8686) at them with an arrow <2671>; suddenly <6597> shall they be wounded <4347>.
8. So they shall make their own tongue <3956> to fall <3782>(8686) upon themselves: all that see <7200>(8802) them shall flee away <5074>(8709).
9. And all men <120> shall fear <3372>(8799), and shall declare <5046>(8686) the work <6467> of God <430>; for they shall wisely consider <7919>(8689) of his doing <4639>.
10. The righteous <6662> shall be glad <8055>(8799) in the LORD <3068>, and shall trust <2620>(8804) in him; and all the upright <3477> in heart <3820> shall glory <1984>(8691).
1. To the chief Musician <5329>(8764), A Psalm <4210> and Song <7892> of David <1732>. Praise <8416> waiteth <1747> for thee, O God <430>, in Sion <6726>: and unto thee shall the vow <5088> be performed <7999>(8792).
2. O thou that hearest <8085>(8802) prayer <8605>, unto thee shall all flesh <1320> come <935>(8799).
3. Iniquities <1697> <5771> prevail <1396>(8804) against me: as for our transgressions <6588>, thou shalt purge them away <3722>(8762).
4. Blessed <835> is the man whom thou choosest <977>(8799), and causest to approach <7126>(8762) unto thee, that he may dwell <7931>(8799) in thy courts <2691>: we shall be satisfied <7646>(8799) with the goodness <2898> of thy house <1004>, even of thy holy <6918> temple <1964>.
5. By terrible things <3372>(8737) in righteousness <6664> wilt thou answer <6030>(8799) us, O God <430> of our salvation <3468>; who art the confidence <4009> of all the ends <7099> of the earth <776>, and of them that are afar off <7350> upon the sea <3220>:
6. Which by his strength <3581> setteth fast <3559>(8688) the mountains <2022>; being girded <247>(8737) with power <1369>:
7. Which stilleth <7623>(8688) the noise <7588> of the seas <3220>, the noise <7588> of their waves <1530>, and the tumult <1995> of the people <3816>.
8. They also that dwell <3427>(8802) in the uttermost parts <7099> are afraid <3372>(8799) at thy tokens <226>: thou makest the outgoings <4161> of the morning <1242> and evening <6153> to rejoice <7442>(8686).
9. Thou visitest <6485>(8804) the earth <776>, and waterest <7783>(8787) it: thou greatly <7227> enrichest <6238>(8686) it with the river <6388> of God <430>, which is full <4390>(8804) of water <4325>: thou preparest <3559>(8686) them corn <1715>, when thou hast so provided <3559>(8686) for it.
10. Thou waterest <7301> <0> the ridges <8525> thereof abundantly <7301>(8761): thou settlest <5181>(8763) the furrows <1417>(8676) <1418> thereof: thou makest it soft <4127>(8787) with showers <7241>: thou blessest <1288>(8762) the springing <6780> thereof.
11. Thou crownest <5849>(8765) the year <8141> with thy goodness <2896>; and thy paths <4570> drop <7491>(8799) fatness <1880>.
12. They drop <7491>(8799) upon the pastures <4999> of the wilderness <4057>: and the little hills <1389> rejoice <1524> on every side <2296>(8799).
13. The pastures <3733> are clothed <3847>(8804) with flocks <6629>; the valleys <6010> also are covered over <5848>(8799) with corn <1250>; they shout for joy <7321>(8709), they also sing <7891>(8799).
Notes that are not verse specific
The self discipline and self sacrifice needed to bow to these commands is very great. Let us keep reminding ourselves of these principles set out for us in these two chapters (14 and 15), that we might learn not to offend - or better still that we might learn not to be offended.
Peter [UK] Comment added in 2005 Reply to Peter
Can I make a couple of comments about the names in Rom 16? Paul had not been to Rome when he wrote this letter, so it is all the more remarkable that he is able to send love to so many Brothers and Sisters whom he had met, and worked with, in other places. There must have been a lot of movement in those early ecclesias, rather like the news we read at the end of The Christadelphian Magazine. There are at least 29 people mentioned in Rome to whom Paul sends his love, and a further 8 who join with Paul in sending their love to the Roman ecclesia. Aren’t Brothers and Sisters important?
David Simpson [Worcester (UK)] Comment added in 2006 Reply to David
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1. We <2249> then <1161> that are strong <1415> ought <3784>(5719) to bear <941>(5721) the infirmities <771> of the weak <102>, and <2532> not <3361> to please <700>(5721) ourselves <1438>.
2. <1063> Let <700> <0> every one <1538> of us <2257> please <700>(5720) his neighbour <4139> for <1519> his good <18> to <4314> edification <3619>.
3. For <1063> even <2532> Christ <5547> pleased <700>(5656) not <3756> himself <1438>; but <235>, as <2531> it is written <1125>(5769), The reproaches <3680> of them that reproached <3679>(5723) thee <4571> fell <1968>(5627) on <1909> me <1691>.
4. For <1063> whatsoever things <3745> were written aforetime <4270>(5648) were written <4270>(5648) for <1519> our <2251> learning <1319>, that <2443> we <2192> <0> through <1223> patience <5281> and <2532> comfort <3874> of the scriptures <1124> might have <2192>(5725) hope <1680>.
5. Now <1161> the God <2316> of patience <5281> and <2532> consolation <3874> grant <1325>(5630) you <5213> to be <846> likeminded <5426>(5721) one <240> <0> toward another <1722> <240> according <2596> to Christ <5547> Jesus <2424>:
6. That <2443> ye may <1392> <0> with one mind <3661> and <1722> one <1520> mouth <4750> glorify <1392>(5725) God <2316>, even <2532> the Father <3962> of our <2257> Lord <2962> Jesus <2424> Christ <5547>.
7. Wherefore <1352> receive ye <4355>(5732) one another <240>, as <2531> <0> <2532> Christ <5547> also <2531> received <4355>(5639) us <2248> to <1519> the glory <1391> of God <2316>.
8. Now <1161> I say <3004>(5719) that Jesus <2424> Christ <5547> was <1096>(5771) a minister <1249> of the circumcision <4061> for <5228> the truth <225> of God <2316>, to <1519> confirm <950>(5658) the promises <1860> made unto the fathers <3962>:
9. And <1161> that the Gentiles <1484> might glorify <1392>(5658) God <2316> for <5228> his mercy <1656>; as <2531> it is written <1125>(5769), For <1223> <0> this <5124> cause <1223> I will confess <1843>(5698) to thee <4671> among <1722> the Gentiles <1484>, and <2532> sing <5567>(5692) unto thy <4675> name <3686>.
10. And <2532> again <3825> he saith <3004>(5719), Rejoice, ye <2165>(5682) Gentiles <1484>, with <3326> his <846> people <2992>.
11. And <2532> again <3825>, Praise <134> <0> the Lord <2962>, all <3956> ye <134>(5720) Gentiles <1484>; and <2532> laud <1867>(5657) him <846>, all ye <3956> people <2992>.
12. And <2532> again <3825>, Esaias <2268> saith <3004>(5719), There shall be <2071>(5704) a root <4491> of Jesse <2421>, and <2532> he that shall rise <450>(5734) to reign over <757>(5721) the Gentiles <1484>; in <1909> him <846> shall <1679> <0> the Gentiles <1484> trust <1679>(5692).
13. Now <1161> the God <2316> of hope <1680> fill <4137>(5659) you <5209> with all <3956> joy <5479> and <2532> peace <1515> in <1722> believing <4100>(5721), that <1519> ye <5209> may abound <4052>(5721) in <1722> hope <1680>, through <1722> the power <1411> of the Holy <40> Ghost <4151>.
14. And <1161> I <1473> myself <846> also <2532> am persuaded <3982>(5769) of <4012> you <5216>, my <3450> brethren <80>, that <3754> ye <846> also <2532> are <2075>(5748) full <3324> of goodness <19>, filled <4137>(5772) with all <3956> knowledge <1108>, able <1410>(5740) also <2532> to admonish <3560>(5721) one another <240>.
15. Nevertheless <1161>, brethren <80>, I have written <1125>(5656) the more boldly <5112> unto you <5213> in <575> some sort <3313>, as <5613> putting <1878> <0> you <5209> in mind <1878>(5723), because <1223> of the grace <5485> that is given <1325>(5685) to me <3427> of <5259> God <2316>,
16. That I <3165> should be <1519> <1511>(5750) the minister <3011> of Jesus <2424> Christ <5547> to <1519> the Gentiles <1484>, ministering <2418>(5723) the gospel <2098> of God <2316>, that <2443> the offering up <4376> of the Gentiles <1484> might be <1096>(5638) acceptable <2144>, being sanctified <37>(5772) by <1722> the Holy <40> Ghost <4151>.
17. I have <2192>(5719) therefore whereof <3767> I may glory <2746> through <1722> Jesus <2424> Christ <5547> in those things which pertain to <4314> God <2316>.
18. For <1063> I will <5111> <0> not <3756> dare <5111>(5692) to speak <2980>(5721) of any <5100> of those things which <3739> Christ <5547> hath <2716> <0> not <3756> wrought <2716>(5662) by <1223> me <1700>, to make <1519> the Gentiles <1484> obedient <5218>, by word <3056> and <2532> deed <2041>,
19. Through <1722> mighty <1411> signs <4592> and <2532> wonders <5059>, by <1722> the power <1411> of the Spirit <4151> of God <2316>; so <5620> that from <575> Jerusalem <2419>, and <2532> round about <2945> unto <3360> Illyricum <2437>, I <3165> have fully preached <4137>(5760) the gospel <2098> of Christ <5547>.
20. Yea <1161>, so <3779> have I strived <5389>(5740) to preach the gospel <2097>(5733), not <3756> where <3699> Christ <5547> was named <3687>(5681), lest <3363> I should build <3618>(5725) upon <1909> another man's <245> foundation <2310>:
21. But <235> as <2531> it is written <1125>(5769), To whom <3739> he was <312> <0> not <3756> spoken <312>(5648) of <4012>, they shall see <3700>(5695): and <2532> they <3739> that have <191> <0> not <3756> heard <191>(5754) shall understand <4920>(5704).
22. For which cause <1352> also <2532> I have been <1465> <0> much <4183> hindered <1465>(5712) from coming <2064>(5629) to <4314> you <5209>.
23. But <1161> now <3570> having <2192>(5723) no more <3371> place <5117> in <1722> these <575> <5125> parts <2824>, and <1161> having <2192>(5723) a great desire <1974> these many <4183> years <2094> to come <2064>(5629) unto <4314> you <5209>;
24. Whensoever <5613> <1437> I take my journey <4198>(5741) into <1519> Spain <4681>, I will come <2064>(5695) to <4314> you <5209>: for <1063> I trust <1679>(5719) to see <2300>(5664) you <5209> in my journey <1279>(5740), and <2532> to be brought on my way <4311>(5683) thitherward <1563> by <5259> you <5216>, if <1437> first <4412> I be <1705> <0> somewhat <3313> filled <1705>(5686) with <575> your <5216> company.
25. But <1161> now <3570> I go <4198>(5736) unto <1519> Jerusalem <2419> to minister <1247>(5723) unto the saints <40>.
26. For <1063> it hath pleased them <2106>(5656) of Macedonia <3109> and <2532> Achaia <882> to make <4160>(5670) a certain <5100> contribution <2842> for <1519> the poor <4434> saints <40> which <3588> are at <1722> Jerusalem <2419>.
27. It hath pleased them <2106>(5656) verily <1063>; and <2532> their <846> debtors <3781> they are <1526>(5748). For <1063> if <1487> the Gentiles <1484> have been made partakers <2841>(5656) of their <846> spiritual things <4152>, their duty is <3784>(5719) also <2532> to minister <3008>(5658) unto them <846> in <1722> carnal things <4559>.
28. When therefore <3767> I have performed <2005>(5660) this <5124>, and <2532> have sealed <4972>(5671) to them <846> this <5126> fruit <2590>, I will come <565>(5695) by <1223> you <5216> into <1519> Spain <4681>.
29. And <1161> I am sure <1492>(5758) that <3754>, when I come <2064>(5740) unto <4314> you <5209>, I shall come <2064>(5695) in <1722> the fulness <4138> of the blessing <2129> of the gospel <2098> of Christ <5547>.
30. Now <1161> I beseech <3870>(5719) you <5209>, brethren <80>, for <1223> the Lord <2962> Jesus <2424> Christ's <5547> sake <2257>, and <2532> for <1223> the love <26> of the Spirit <4151>, that ye strive together <4865>(5664) with me <3427> in <1722> your prayers <4335> to <4314> God <2316> for <5228> me <1700>;
31. That <2443> I may be delivered <4506>(5686) from <575> them that do not believe <544>(5723) in <1722> Judaea <2449>; and <2532> that <2443> my <3450> service <1248> which <3588> I have for <1519> Jerusalem <2419> may be <1096>(5638) accepted <2144> of the saints <40>;
32. That <2443> I may come <2064>(5632) unto <4314> you <5209> with <1722> joy <5479> by <1223> the will <2307> of God <2316>, and <2532> may <4875> <0> with you <5213> be refreshed <4875>(5667).
33. Now <1161> the God <2316> of peace <1515> be with <3326> you <5216> all <3956>. Amen <281>.
1. <1161> I commend <4921>(5719) unto you <5213> Phebe <5402> our <2257> sister <79>, which is <5607>(5752) a servant <1249> of the church <1577> which <3588> is at <1722> Cenchrea <2747>:
2. That <2443> ye receive <4327>(5667) her <846> in <1722> the Lord <2962>, as becometh <516> saints <40>, and <2532> that ye assist <3936>(5632) her <846> in <1722> whatsoever <3739> <302> business <4229> she hath need <5535>(5725) of you <5216>: for <1063> she <3778> hath been <1096>(5675) a succourer <4368> of many <4183>, and <2532> of myself <846> <1700> also <2532>.
3. Greet <782>(5663) Priscilla <4252> and <2532> Aquila <207> my <3450> helpers <4904> in <1722> Christ <5547> Jesus <2424>:
4. Who <3748> have <5294> <0> for <5228> my <3450> life <5590> laid down <5294>(5656) their own <1438> necks <5137>: unto whom <3739> not <3756> only <3441> I <1473> give thanks <2168>(5719), but <235> also <2532> all <3956> the churches <1577> of the Gentiles <1484>.
5. Likewise <2532> greet the church <1577> that is in <2596> their <846> house <3624>. Salute <782>(5663) my <3450> wellbeloved <27> Epaenetus <1866>, who <3739> is <2076>(5748) the firstfruits <536> of Achaia <882> unto <1519> Christ <5547>.
6. Greet <782>(5663) Mary <3137>, who <3748> bestowed <2872> <0> much <4183> labour <2872>(5656) on <1519> us <2248>.
7. Salute <782>(5663) Andronicus <408> and <2532> Junia <2458>, my <3450> kinsmen <4773>, and <2532> my <3450> fellowprisoners <4869>, who <3748> are <1526>(5748) of note <1978> among <1722> the apostles <652>, who <3739> also <2532> were <1096>(5754) in <1722> Christ <5547> before <4253> me <1700>.
8. Greet <782>(5663) Amplias <291> my <3450> beloved <27> in <1722> the Lord <2962>.
9. Salute <782>(5663) Urbane <3773>, our <2257> helper <4904> in <1722> Christ <5547>, and <2532> Stachys <4720> my <3450> beloved <27>.
10. Salute <782>(5663) Apelles <559> approved <1384> in <1722> Christ <5547>. Salute <782>(5663) them <3588> which are of <1537> Aristobulus <711>' household.
11. Salute <782>(5663) Herodion <2267> my <3450> kinsman <4773>. Greet <782>(5663) them <3588> that be of <1537> the household of Narcissus <3488>, which <3588> are <5607>(5752) in <1722> the Lord <2962>.
12. Salute <782>(5663) Tryphena <5170> and <2532> Tryphosa <5173>, who labour <2872>(5723) in <1722> the Lord <2962>. Salute <782>(5663) the beloved <27> Persis <4069>, which <3748> laboured <2872>(5656) much <4183> in <1722> the Lord <2962>.
13. Salute <782>(5663) Rufus <4504> chosen <1588> in <1722> the Lord <2962>, and <2532> his <846> mother <3384> and <2532> mine <1700>.
14. Salute <782>(5663) Asyncritus <799>, Phlegon <5393>, Hermas <2057>, Patrobas <3969>, Hermes <2060>, and <2532> the brethren <80> which are with <4862> them <846>.
15. Salute <782>(5663) Philologus <5378>, and <2532> Julia <2456>, Nereus <3517>, and <2532> his <846> sister <79>, and <2532> Olympas <3652>, and <2532> all <3956> the saints <40> which are with <4862> them <846>.
16. Salute <782>(5663) one another <240> with <1722> an holy <40> kiss <5370>. The churches <1577> of Christ <5547> salute <782>(5736) you <5209>.
17. Now <1161> I beseech <3870>(5719) you <5209>, brethren <80>, mark <4648>(5721) them which cause <4160>(5723) divisions <1370> and <2532> offences <4625> contrary <3844> to the doctrine <1322> which <3739> ye <5210> have learned <3129>(5627); and <2532> avoid <1578>(5657) them <575> <846>.
18. For <1063> they that are such <5108> serve <1398>(5719) not <3756> our <2257> Lord <2962> Jesus <2424> Christ <5547>, but <235> their own <1438> belly <2836>; and <2532> by <1223> good words <5542> and <2532> fair speeches <2129> deceive <1818>(5719) the hearts <2588> of the simple <172>.
19. For <1063> your <5216> obedience <5218> is come abroad <864>(5633) unto <1519> all <3956> men. I am glad <5463>(5719) therefore <3767> on <1909> <0> your <5213> behalf <1909>: but yet <1161> I would have <2309>(5719) you <5209> wise <4680> unto <1519> that which is <1511>(5750) good <3303> <18>, and <1161> simple <185> concerning <1519> evil <2556>.
20. And <1161> the God <2316> of peace <1515> shall bruise <4937>(5692) Satan <4567> under <5259> your <5216> feet <4228> shortly <1722> <5034>. The grace <5485> of our <2257> Lord <2962> Jesus <2424> Christ <5547> be with <3326> you <5216>. Amen <281>.
21. Timotheus <5095> my <3450> workfellow <4904>, and <2532> Lucius <3066>, and <2532> Jason <2394>, and <2532> Sosipater <4989>, my <3450> kinsmen <4773>, salute <782>(5736) you <5209>.
22. I <1473> Tertius <5060>, who wrote <1125>(5660) this epistle <1992>, salute <782>(5736) you <5209> in <1722> the Lord <2962>.
23. Gaius <1050> mine <3450> host <3581>, and <2532> of the whole <3650> church <1577>, saluteth <782>(5736) you <5209>. Erastus <2037> the chamberlain <3623> of the city <4172> saluteth <782>(5736) you <5209>, and <2532> Quartus <2890> a brother <80>.
24. The grace <5485> of our <2257> Lord <2962> Jesus <2424> Christ <5547> be with <3326> you <5216> all <3956>. Amen <281>.
25. Now <1161> to him that is of power <1410>(5740) to stablish <4741>(5658) you <5209> according <2596> to my <3450> gospel <2098>, and <2532> the preaching <2782> of Jesus <2424> Christ <5547>, according <2596> to the revelation <602> of the mystery <3466>, which was kept secret <4601>(5772) since the world began <5550> <166>,
26. But <1161> now <3568> is made manifest <5319>(5685), and <5037> by <1223> the scriptures <1124> of the prophets <4397>, according <2596> to the commandment <2003> of the everlasting <166> God <2316>, made known <1107>(5685) to <1519> all <3956> nations <1484> for <1519> the obedience <5218> of faith <4102>:
27. To God <2316> only <3441> wise <4680>, be glory <1391> through <1223> Jesus <2424> Christ <5547> for <1519> ever <165>. Amen <281>. Written <1125>(5648) to <4314> the Romans <4514> from <575> Corinthus <2882>, and sent by <1223> Phebe <5402> servant <1249> of the church <1577> at <1722> Cenchrea <2747>.